![]() ![]() For example, alcohol intoxication inhibits neurogenesis persistently in adolescents but produces aberrant neurogenesis after alcohol dependence. This review describes what little is known about adolescent-specific effects of alcohol on adult neurogenesis and its relationship to hippocampal integrity. While cell death is causal, alcohol effects on adult neurogenesis also impact hippocampal structure and function. In adolescents, the hippocampus is one brain region that is particularly susceptible to alcohol-induced neurodegeneration. Their decreased sensitivity to self-regulating cues to stop drinking coincides with an enhanced vulnerability to negative outcomes of excessive drinking. The ability to genetically mark and clone normal diploid hippocampal progenitors provides the first definitive evidence that multipotent neural stem cells exist outside of the adult striatal subventricular zone and supports the hypothesis that FGF-2-responsive neural stem cells may be broadly distributed in the adult brain.Īlcohol is the most commonly used drug among adolescents. Differentiation is accompanied by a characteristic progression of lineage-specific markers and can be potentiated by retinoic acid, elevated cyclic AMP, or neurotrophic factors. All three lineages are generated by single marked cells and the relative proportions of each lineage can be strongly influenced by environmental cues. By genetic marking, we have followed individual cells through the process of proliferative expansion, commitment, and differentiation. Although these progenitors have a considerable capacity for in vitroself renewal, it is not known if each lineage is generated by separate committed precursors or by multipotent stem cells. Adult-derived hippocampal progenitors generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitroand following grafting into the adult brain. ![]()
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